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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38115198
Synthesizing unsymmetrical squaraine dyes with different anchoring groups, this study found that the carboxylic acid anchoring group in SD3 dye resulted in a more efficient dye-sensitized solar cell (7.20%) compared to pyridyl anchoring groups in SD1 and SD2 dyes (2.34% and 0.84%, respectively), attributed to dye loading on TiO2’s acidic sites and aggregated structures.