“Average Kinetic Energy of Ions in a Swarm Does Not Reach Steady State at Leading or Trailing Edges in a Low Electric Field”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38115471

In a low electric field, the average kinetic energy of ions in a swarm does not reach a steady state at the leading or trailing edges, but approaches the swarm’s mean kinetic energy as time goes to infinity.