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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38116482
This study utilized gene expression analysis in former smokers to identify genetic switches between cigarette-smoke induced inflammation leading to cancer or emphysema, finding that cancer progression is associated with increased and stickier neutrophils, while emphysema is associated with stickier and longer-living macrophages, and two genes, ANXA2 and HIV1-rev, may play a pivotal role in disease outcome.